Abstract :It is well documented that the hemostatic response has been shown to vary between organs and blood vessels. The brain is the organ that expresses the unique hemostasis regulatory system, which may be crucial for understanding of the stroke pathology and cerebral hemorrhage. Previously, it was perceived that the brain comparing to other organs, has been functioning based less on antithrombotic and fibrinolytic pathways while protection against hemorrhage was a higher priority for this organ. At present, more attention has been focused on the brain prothrombotic potential predisposing to brain infarction. Therefore, the relationship between cerebral microinfarcts and microscopic hemorrhages represents an important area for investigation. The understanding of the brain heterogenecity of hemostatic mechanisms may provide a new approach for specific prediction, prevention and treatment of thrombotic brain damage.
This paper will focus on main regulators of brain hemostasis: endothelial cells with endothelium-derived hemostatic factors and neurovascular unit with pericytes and astrocytes. The paper will address also the role of contact-kinin pathway in the thromo inflammatory pathology of ischemic stroke, as well as the role of amyloid ß-protein precursor in the brain hemostasis regulation.